Hardware Thread-Level Parallelism and Pipelining

Modern CPUs often experience idle time due to stalls, which can negatively impact performance. Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) addresses this by allowing multiple threads to share a core, increasing utilization but not necessarily doubling performance, typically providing 20-30% gains, with potential drawbacks like contention and increased power consumption.

Linux IPC’s

Linux IPCs are essential tools for processes to communicate in the operating system. They include various methods like Pipes, Message Queues, Shared Memory, Sockets, Semaphores, and File-based communication. Each method serves specific communication needs, from simple data transfer to complex synchronization and coordination among processes.